• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A hand-operated instrument (1) with an expandable and compressible bellows (2) is proposed, which is designed to generate a stream of air flowing towards reeds by expansion and compression; and an inflow control (4), comprising a valve arrangement (4a) which is arranged to control the inflow of reeds (6) to be played in accordance with the music, and a flow rectification arrangement (4b) which is arranged to have the same reed inflow direction during bellows expansion and bellows compression to effect; it is provided that the valve arrangement has a number of reed valves, each of which controls an inflow of a single or jointly flowing reeds, and the flow straightening arrangement has a number of valves (4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4) for airflow rectification, the number being Reed valves is greater than the number of valves for air flow rectification and a group of valves for air flow rectification is assigned to a larger group of reed valves for joint rectification of the air flow therethrough such that the air flow is jointly rectified through the entirety of all reed valves of the group .
    公开号:CH715803A1
    申请号:CH00062/19
    申请日:2019-01-18
    公开日:2020-07-15
    发明作者:Vukasinovic Srdjan；Waltenspül Raphael；Sabatella Allessandro；Read Patrick；Schadt Fabian；Hess Jan；Brauner Christian
    申请人:Carboneon Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to the preamble and thus relates to a hand-held instrument.
    Hand-operated instruments are known. With a hand-pulling instrument such as an accordion, a bandoneon, a concertina, etc., there is a bellows that is pulled apart or compressed by hand. The changing volume inside the bellows leads to an air flow with which reeds can flow. Such reeds are essentially strips of thin material that are fixed on one side and can swing freely on the side facing away from the fixation. Different reeds are provided for the different pitches or timbres. So that certain reeds with which a particular tone is to be produced are actually flowed to, each reed is assigned a valve, which in turn can be moved from its normally closed position into an open position by pressing a button or a button. It should also be mentioned that with some hand-held instruments, several reeds can be assigned to a single valve, for example to achieve a fuller sound.
    In order for tones to be generated both during expansion and during compression of the bellows, care must be taken to ensure that the reeds have a proper flow. For this, e.g. Various valves are provided in the hand-held instrument, which are open or closed, depending on whether the bellows is expanded or compressed. With these, a uniform flow through the reeds is achieved.
    Due to the principle of hand-held instruments described, conventional hand-held instruments are mechanically complex. Many different parts are required, which leads to very considerable costs due to the complex assembly of many parts, the need to adapt and coordinate many parts, etc. In addition, the weight of typical hand-held instruments is very high, which can cause considerable problems for physically weak players such as adolescents.
    It is desirable to remedy this at least partially.
    [0006] There are already considerations for improving hand-operated instruments. From DE PS 855 499 a reed block for accordions, harmoniums and the like is known, the reed block should have a pneumatic control, by means of which only one reed part is required for each tone of a choir, which is arranged in the reed block in such a way that it is sucked - and can respond to compressed air. Such an arrangement has flaps so that the same reeds can be used for expansion and compression of the bellows.
    Such instruments are still very massive and heavy.
    The weight of an accordion is also referred to in DE 101 33 287 A1. It claims that for a flat, complete and light structure for an accordion, which is easy to manufacture and is also ergonomically cheap, there is a lack of a suitable actuator for the realization of an electrical action. An electromagnetic sleeve valve is proposed, in which the sleeves are coils that are to slide into one another without iron. With such an arrangement, a valve is to be built in which a window is opened by a correspondingly directed current. It is conceded that the efficiency of the ironless actuator is poor, but that higher currents can be applied, especially since the duty cycle of the sleeve coils is relatively short and the play wind ensures cooling of the actuated sleeve coils. It is claimed that the sleeve valve described opens up new musical possibilities for the accordion, provided that pressure or other sensors are placed under the buttons and keys, making each individual tone dynamically controllable. The sleeve coils would move in a current-proportional manner against assigned springs, and it was only necessary to design the window accordingly.
    That the above-described prior art with sleeve valves obviously does not solve all the problems that can be observed in accordion construction, arises from the fact that, should corresponding musical instruments have found their way into the market at all, they could not prevail.
    A possible reason for this may be seen in the fact that the previously known arrangement is still too complex and too heavy
    There are also already known instruments in which a keystroke is recorded electronically and in response to it a tone is generated electronically and output via a loudspeaker. If such instruments are designed as manual pulling instruments, a pressure difference generated with the bellows can be recorded in order to influence the volume. The sound of such instruments differs significantly from that of conventional instruments and is therefore particularly criticized by professional musicians.
    It is desirable to be able to provide a hand-held instrument in which at least some of the problems outlined are at least partially alleviated.
    The object of the present invention is to provide something new for commercial use.
    The solution to this problem is claimed in independent form. Preferred embodiments can be found in particular in the subclaims.
    According to a first basic concept of the invention, a hand-operated instrument with an expandable and compressible bellows, which is designed to generate a reed air flow by expansion and compression; and an inflow control, comprising a valve arrangement which is arranged to control the inflow of music reeds which flow in accordance with the music, and a flow rectification arrangement which is arranged to effect the same reed inflow direction in the case of bellows expansion and bellows compression; proposed, in which it is provided that the valve arrangement has a number of reed valves, each of which controls the flow of a single or possibly less sounding jointly flowing reeds, and the flow straightening arrangement has a number of valves for air flow straightening, the number of reeds Valves is greater than the number of valves for air flow rectification and a group of valves for air flow rectification is assigned to a larger group of reed valves for joint rectification of the air flow therethrough in such a way that the air flow is jointly rectified through the entirety of all reed valves of the group.
    It is therefore recognized that it is possible to straighten the air flow as a whole with a very small number of air flow valves. The small number of air flow valves for air flow rectification and the use of a rectified air flow allows a significant weight reduction.
    The use of global valves is possible because the individual valves of the reeds do not have to be operated via a complicated lever mechanism or the like. Rather, it is possible to simplify the control, in particular in such a way that the connections can easily be guided through a partition or the like if necessary. This applies in particular to electrical connections.
    [0018] The reed valves can thus be controlled electronically. However, this is not mandatory. Sufficient is e.g. already that a sealing of the bellows volume against the reed volume or the reed volume is possible despite a connection between the keyboard and reed valves. This is possible with conventional - but heavy - metal elements per se as well as with thread and / or rope elements which are better sealable and even significantly lighter and which are guided from the buttons to the reed valves through or to suitable sealants; a further and, moreover, also preferred option is the operation of the reed valves with electrical actuators, which allows a particularly simple pressure seal without having to consider a relatively complex mechanical connection, which is why reference is regularly made to such electrical actuators below. The usability of global air flow valves is therefore possible even if the individual reed valves have to be opened mechanically, but it is nevertheless considerably simplified by controlling the reed valves via electrical lines, because these lines are easily connected by a partition or the like. are easy to manage and can be sealed easily.
    In addition, the control of current-operated reed valves allows to use not only adapted to given space, easily routed electrical lines that lead from the current-operated reed valves to a suitable control and from the controller to energy sources such as accumulators or batteries and lead to buttons, actuation buttons, etc., but also to simplify the arrangement so far that a substantial weight saving is actually possible. Since the invention also allows and favors the use of particularly light-weight materials, this advantage is then also pronounced.
    Typically, the air flow can be rectified by a global arrangement for all current operated reed valves with the same air flow valves. The global arrangement need not include more than four air flow rectifier valves. If necessary, air flow rectifier valves can even be coupled in pairs, which can even reduce the total number of independent valve arrangements to be provided. However, it should be mentioned that it is preferred to enable a high air flow with only small pressure differences and at the same time to allow the air flow rectifier valves to respond quickly to pressure changes. This makes it advantageous to use several, smaller air flow rectifier valves in parallel with one another, which together offer a large flow area and yet respond quickly. Four air flow rectifier valve groups are then required. This is the most preferred case; however, it is also possible to assign individual reed valve groups or a smaller group of such reed valve separate air flow valves for air flow rectification, for example because not all reeds are to be arranged close together or the like.This way, treble and bass reeds can be accommodated at different ends of the bellows. It can therefore make sense to rectify the air flow at each end of the bellows and then again e.g. provide at least four air flow rectifier valves.
    It should be mentioned that the global air flow rectification valves are arranged in such a way that the reeds no longer sit directly in the expandable or compressible bellows, but are separated therefrom by the air flow rectification valves. This also applies where a plurality of small-area air flow individual valves are provided together instead of a large-area air flow rectification valve in each case, even if air flow valve groups are typically provided for all reeds.
    At the same time, not only is the weight reduced in the preferred hand-held instrument, but it is also, because a large number of flaps and other mechanics can be omitted, the instrument itself cheaper. It should be mentioned that, in particular, considerable weight savings are possible even if the at least supposedly particularly light sleeve valves are not used, which in turn means that in the case of battery-operated instruments, the battery can be smaller and ergo lighter for a given playing time.
    It will be appreciated that for these reasons alone the hand-held instrument according to the invention will be particularly advantageous and marketable.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment, a plurality of current-operated reed valves are arranged together in a valve block.
    The common arrangement of all reed valves in one and the same valve block or the arrangement of at least many reed valves each together in a total of only a small number of valve blocks is advantageous because preassembly and checking is initially considerably simplified. Instead of electrical individual contacts, globally usable plugs or the like can now be used, which considerably simplifies testing and assembly. In particular, it is therefore possible to combine the power lines to the respective valves to form a common plug connection, which further simplifies the design and is advantageous during assembly.
    It should be mentioned that the block construction of certain components which is also disclosed here can facilitate the assembly and moreover enables the valve blocks and / or valve blocks or valve block reed block blocks as an accordion component to be traded well individually or together with parts of control electronics and in a variety of instruments can be installed. This means that the use of valve blocks is also of importance insofar as manufacturing and assembly based on the division of labor, as is customary in accordion construction, is favored.
    Since during assembly only the block has to be arranged on a surface behind or in which the reeds can be flowed against, the mechanical assembly of the block is also possible quickly and inexpensively, especially since the surface provided between the valve block and its support by the advantageous flat support of the valve block on a substrate per se can be made very dense. This applies in particular if a plastic which is at least slightly flexible on the bearing surface is used for the valve block and / or additional seals are provided either individually for each reed or reed valve and / or the block as a whole. In addition, the arrangement as a whole becomes lighter again.
    It is therefore preferred if sealing means are provided on the valve block, which enable a seal against the reed block or the individual chamber. If such sealants are already provided prior to assembly on the valve block, production of a manual pull instrument based on the division of labor is further favored. In addition to conventional sealing means such as O-rings, the sealing means can in particular be formed by or with sufficiently soft and / or smooth bearing surfaces.
    Per se, in a typical hand-held instrument such as an accordion, the valve associated with a reed will either be fully closed when the button is not pressed or fully open when the button is pressed. This can be mimicked with current-actuated valves assigned to the reeds, in that the reed valves are either completely open or completely closed; typically the reed valve is only energized to move it to the open position. However, the invention enables the transition between open and closed positions to be made very precisely, which is advantageous for a natural feeling of play. It is therefore also found to be very advantageous if the reed valves in the present invention do not simply switch between the open and closed positions, but move more definedly from a rest position to a specific excited position, for example from the closed to a specific open state can be. This also offers advantages to the amount of hand-held instrument players with only average talent, because it avoids the sudden on / off or open / close control of the hand-held instrument occurring in an undefined manner and the tone response or the transient response by the Musicians cannot be influenced. With more talented amateurs and professional musicians, it is generally considered desirable that the musician can be given the impression, over wide areas of the VentilHub movement, that valves are controlled in a natural way, in particular not purely based on thresholds. This gives an overall more natural feeling of playing, because in particular the feeling, the articulation, the softness, hard staccati etc. can be better controlled. It is therefore possible for the player to have the same control of the sound valve movements as with a purely mechanical play action and thus, as with a direct mechanical control of the sound valve movements, also to allow a particularly differentiated articulation of the music being played.
    It is otherwise not necessary, however, that the reed valves are opened or closed completely linearly; There are already advantages if there is constant force-displacement behavior over significant parts of the stroke, i.e. sufficient linearity. This will be the case in particular where the deviations from a linear force-displacement curve over at least 50% of the actuation range, which in practice is required to open completely from the rest position, do not deviate by more than 5%; or deviate no more than 10% from such a linear force-displacement curve, in particular if a deviation from a linear force-displacement curve there is not greater than 12% for at least 2/3 of the actuation range; it is preferred if there is no more than 10% deviation from the linearity for at least 75% of the required actuation range, and in particular no more than 5% linearity deviation can be observed over at least 85% of the actuation range. It should be mentioned that a non-linear curve can be implemented. It can be used in particular to respond to the wishes of musicians who want an instrument that responds as precisely as possible.
    It will be appreciated that linear actuation areas are usually either centered around an often clearly defined opening and closing point or at least enclose it. As an opening and closing point, e.g. that point can be understood at which a reed will settle within 1.5 times that period which is still required to complete the settling process even when fully opened. The transient process can be regarded as complete when the volume has risen to at least 80% of the volume of a tone that was finally achieved when the valve was fully opened. By the way, other closing point definitions are easily possible, e.g. regarding settling time ratio and final volume. It will also be appreciated that advantages are already obtained where there is at least some linearity over at least a sufficiently large actuation area. The advantages of a linear actuation over a large area become more pronounced if this area becomes particularly large, but hardly any additional advantages are achieved by a force-displacement curve that is linear over almost 100% of the actuation area, which is why the effort required for this is unnecessary. Typically, less than 99%, in particular less than 95%, of the actuation area will have a linear force-displacement curve with a deviation from the linearity of better than 5%. The still achievable improvement in gaming behavior is remarkable.
    It should be mentioned that alinearities, in particular between key presses and the associated sensor signals or between key presses and the valve opening width, can be compensated for by software, specifically for each key / valve combination.
    In this respect, it should be mentioned that it is possible, in particular by appropriate programming of a digital controller or provision of look-up tables or implementation of linearization functions, to obtain a valve actuation linearly responsive to a key actuation. That there is also the possibility of providing a respective keyboard for the left as well as for the right hand, be it as a button keyboard or as a keyboard keyboard and / or that both chords and single tones can be generated, optionally selectable at the press of a button can be mentioned. The structural training of the hand-held instrument thus gains considerable flexibility. In typical hand-pulling instruments, a keyboard similar to a keyboard is often provided parallel to the bellows-pulling direction. This arrangement is due to the need in conventional instruments to provide mechanical connections between keys and reed flaps. With the present invention, this need is eliminated and more ergonomic key arrangements are made possible, in particular a keyboard-like keyboard perpendicular to the bellows direction. Such, more ergonomic hand-held instruments are particularly to be preferred where players do not have to get used to it, but can already use the keyboard in early training phases, or professional players get health problems due to the conventional hand position.
    A particularly preferred variant of the design of actuators for reed valves consists in plunger coils which are excited to move magnets therein, i.e. the coils are stationary and the magnets “immersed” in them are moved. With this configuration, not only sufficiently light valve arrangements can be built, but also the advantageous linearity can be realized particularly well. The use of strong magnets such as neodymium magnets etc. allows the valve to be operated even with very tight closing, despite the fact that it is small and therefore lighter in weight, i.e. actuation of valves with high closing force.
    It should be mentioned that, in particular, the use of plunger coils is advantageous because the crosstalk between valves is particularly low, so that close integration of valves next to one another is possible, which means the use of more registers, a more extensive one, in the same space Frequency range or, given the number of tones, a reduction or weight reduction allowed.
    In a preferred variant, at least the majority of the current-operated reed valves are designed as flap valves; Typically, all reed valves are also formed identically, that is, in a typical hand-operated instrument, all current-operated reed valves are formed as flap valves. The design as flap valves is structurally easy to implement, with a comparatively small required stroke of the reed valve flaps enables a sufficiently large opening for the air volumes required for sound generation and ensures high durability and durability of the dynamically moving valves. This contributes to the durability of the hand-held instruments.
    The flaps can be clamped on one side, in particular pre-assembled in the valve block, so that flaps and valves are assembled together. They can be moved out of their (normally closed) rest position with actuators, in particular moving coil actuators.
    Typically, it is sufficient to design the reed valve flaps so that they remain closed against a bellows pressure below 40 mbar pressure difference, the current-operated reed valve actuators typically being so strong and excitable with such large currents that they open the opening the valve flaps can also withstand a pressure of up to 3 bar. These pressures allow the hand-held instrument to be played flawlessly even where temporarily high pressures are required, for example to simultaneously excite a large number of tones.
    In a typical variant, only two global air flow flap or valve pairs are provided for the air flow rectification of the game wind, which together rectify the game wind for all reeds present in the hand-held instrument. On the one hand, this only small number of air flow rectification valves is easily sufficient; on the other hand, the design is simplified by the small number of air flow valves and the instrument can in turn be designed very easily. The air flow rectification valves could be controlled by means of an electrical actuator in response to an overpressure or underpressure detected in the bellows; However, it is simpler and particularly preferred if they react purely mechanically to what they e.g. can be designed as diaphragm valves that respond easily to pressure differences.
    [0040] It has already been pointed out that linear actuation of the current-operated reed valves is advantageous. In principle, this is beneficial if there is a very clear connection between the force exerted by an actuator and the actuating path of the actuator, as described above for the force-displacement curve. This facilitates the manufacture of the hand-held instrument, in particular, where linear adjustment is desired, but on the other hand the effort for linearization of each current-operated reed valve should be kept to a minimum by itself. However, it should be mentioned that deviations in the reaction to a pushbutton actuation in valve control from a linear reaction can be at least partially electronically compensated for. This is made possible by a valve control which is designed for a linear adjustment of the current-operated reed valves.
    While it would be possible in principle to record and process the signals of an electronic push button or a push button that must be operated for valve actuation in an analog manner, in a preferred variant an analog-to-digital converter is used which has a multi-stage detection the push button operation enables, for example in 64, preferably at least 128 steps. In this way, a pure open or a pure closed position of the pushbutton can be distinguished in more than two stages, and in particular dynamic behavior can also be recorded, that is to say it can be recognized whether a button is pressed slowly or quickly, which can be used if necessary, in order to feed a larger excitation current to a current-operated reed valve when the button is pressed quickly and thus to achieve an even faster opening.
    The pushbuttons or pushbuttons to be actuated by the musician on the hand-held instrument so that the current-operated reed valves open or close can be, in particular, magnetic, optical, gyroscopic and / or tachymetric sensors.
    Even with hand-held instruments with a large tonal range and / or many different registers, it is usually not necessary to assign a dedicated dedicated analog-to-digital converter to each push button, each push button or the assigned sensors in order to actuate the current push button capture. Even with fast playing (Presto), short notes such as sixteenths or thirty-second, which many musicians bring to the limits of their musical abilities, especially for fast pieces with difficult settings, a hand-held instrument with a large range of 4 octaves, for example, and the desire to have a push button several times each Interrogate sound, ie To determine the degree of actuation per pause or per note several times, conventional analog-to-digital converters are easily sufficient, because sufficiently linear analog-to-digital converters (ADC) with better than 1% linearity, for example 8-bit converters, or 10-bit converters, are available very cheaply at low prices with conversion frequencies around 10-100 kHz or above.
    Each individual key can accordingly be queried with at least 5 Hz without any particular problems, for which purpose the corresponding push-button sensor signals can be fed to the ADC, for example using the round robin method. In a practical embodiment, each key stroke is queried at approx. 30 Hz, i.e. digitized. It should be mentioned that it is still evidently possible to provide several analog-digital converters in a hand-held instrument for querying the pushbutton sensors, either to reduce the effort involved in forwarding signals, i.e. fewer pushbuttons successively with one and the same Scanning ADC and / or ensuring a more fail-safe training, which can be of particular interest for high-quality concert instruments. It should also be mentioned that suitable signal conditioning circuits, for example drivers, amplifiers and so on, can be provided between the push-button sensors and the analog-digital converter in addition to multiplexers.
    It is possible, but not necessary, to design the pushbuttons like a keyboard; rather, there is also the possibility of providing a button-like operation of the hand-held instrument at least on one side of the bellows. In this regard, it should be mentioned that a particularly natural, familiar sense of play is obtained if the weight distribution of the hand-held instrument - which, however, is much lighter overall thanks to the invention - corresponds at least approximately to the weight distribution that a conventional hand-held instrument, as known in the prior art, has . Accordingly, reed blocks, valve blocks etc. can be installed (roughly) where the functionally corresponding elements such as flaps and reed plates - relative to the center of gravity - are also arranged in a conventional instrument.
    If the hand-held instrument of the present invention is to be operated autonomously, that is to say independently of the mains and batteries are required for this, these can either be arranged separately from the hand-held instrument, the musician wearing them in a belt holster, which has the advantage that the corresponding one is then Mass does not have to be moved by the hands when playing, or the batteries are accommodated in the instrument, which simplifies the construction, avoids problems due to an interrupted electrical connection and so on. It is then possible to arrange the battery on or in the hand-held instrument in such a way that a feeling of play is obtained which is as close as possible to the feeling of play obtained with a conventional hand-held instrument.
    It should be mentioned that in a preferred variant the batteries are easily replaceable and, moreover, preferably rechargeable, for example via a conventional USB interface. It should also be mentioned that the low power consumption of the power-operated reed valve enables long music playing without problems of power supply, even with light batteries. A power supply unit can also be accommodated in the instrument itself. In addition, it should be pointed out that the considerable movement of the hand-held instrument during play can also be used without further ado in order to enable energy harvesting, possibly with the intermediate storage of the energy thus obtained. This is also due to the fact that the arrangement requires little energy.
    As mentioned, it is advantageous if the control is carried out overall in such a way that the valve opening is responded linearly to a pushbutton actuation. Although this can be achieved with any suitable low-frequency currents of suitable strength, it should be mentioned that a particularly advantageous method for controlling the valves accordingly is to generate a pulse-width-modulated current through the valves. It has already been indicated that the tone sequence of a hand-held instrument, due to the limited playing speed, even virtuoso musicians lag behind the clock speeds that can be easily achieved with electronic circuits. Even with extremely fast playing, the individual tone will accordingly have a certain minimum duration, typically at least between one fifth and one tenth of a second. Despite the fact that the current coils present in current-operated reed valves have a certain inductance, which counteract a rapid change in the current flowing through them, it is possible to provide pulse width modulation, that is to say the valve opening time through the coil, for example, during a tenth of a second of the valve's current flowing during this time. This improves the possibilities of effecting a linear response.
    The electronic control of the valves, in particular the digital electronic control of the valves, moreover makes it possible to simplify playing and / or to improve sound generation. It is thus easily possible to couple several registers together in the electronic control, i.e. to provide tones of the same pitch but different timbres, or to make additional tones sound simultaneously when playing a tone in a predetermined manner by opening the corresponding valve flaps.
    In addition, a certain technical behavior can also be ensured. The vibration behavior of the tongues, with which different tones or sounds are generated, is obviously different from one another. Not only the frequency (or the frequency spectrum) with which the tongue vibrates when excited by the air flow differs, but also the time which a tongue which is initially at rest takes to fully settle and produce a certain tone. In other words, the transient behavior differs with different tongues. This can lead to the fact that when conventional conventional instruments are pressed at exactly the same time, the tones sound with a slight, though noticeable, time lag. The present invention makes it possible to correct this by implementing a tone-dependent time offset and / or a tone-dependent reed valve opening behavior. If necessary, instead of and / or in addition to a linearization of the reed valve opening behavior against button press, the response behavior could be e.g. be optimized when settling. In addition, it is clear that the multi-stage query of the key press (i.e. by resolution with several bits) can result in a reaction to the key press that is regarded as very precise and even where no further measures such as implementing a tone-dependent time offset, a tone-dependent reed valve -Opening behavior and without a highly linear opening behavior can be implemented as a very precise and reproducible playing behavior that comes very close to that of a mechanical instrument. It should be mentioned that particularly preferred, non-linear response behavior can be implemented at the same time.
    On the one hand, this makes it easier to get used to a hand-held instrument according to the invention, because it is to be anticipated that each instrument will have slightly different settling delays for each tone; through the invention e.g. a particularly neutral behavior can be guaranteed; on the other hand, the operation of the instrument is made considerably easier for less experienced, for example amateur musicians, because it achieves a very precise tone generation time behavior.
    The adaptation of tongues which oscillate at different speeds is particularly advantageous where tongues are used whose transient behavior differs from that of conventional (metal) tongues, for example by using a fiber-reinforced plastic reed arrangement. It should be mentioned here that it may not only be necessary to simulate or achieve simultaneous settling, but also that the non-simultaneous settling of metal reeds could possibly be simulated.
    The use of fiber-reinforced plastic reed arrangements is also advantageous because their thermal expansion is less than that of metal reeds, which means that the gap size between the vibrating reed and the plate carrying it changes less with changing temperature. In the case of conventional instruments, where it must be expected that they will be played both in cool weather, for example in winter with freezing temperatures at Christmas markets, and in the summer heat outdoors, the gap must be selected so that it strikes even at extreme temperatures the tongue on the reed plate is safely avoided. The plastic or carbon tuning tongue with lower temperature expansion can accordingly be formed with a smaller gap. The gap dimension can then also be optimized in such a way that both a practically simultaneous swinging in and out as well as the same volume or the same volume perception for different pitches are achieved. Attention is drawn to the fact that fiber-reinforced plastic reed arrangements also provide increased corrosion resistance, which also has a particularly positive effect where the instrument is used under often and / or strongly changing environmental conditions.
    It is preferred if the gap dimensions of a plastic reed or, in particular, a fiber-reinforced plastic reed, in particular a carbon fiber reed arrangement, are matched in such a way that the reeds of different pitches vibrate simultaneously with the same air pressure and simultaneous actuation or with no more than 10 ms , preferably less than 5 ms, particularly preferably less than 3 ms. The width of the reeds can also be selected so that the reeds will have the same volume. The same volume can be assumed if the volume difference is so small that the sound pressure difference for different tones is less than 3 dB, preferably less than 1.5 dB, in particular less than 0.5 dB sound pressure difference, in each case with the same air flow strength.
    It is readily apparent from the foregoing that such a reed arrangement is intended and particularly suitable for the hand-held instrument according to the invention.
    In a particularly preferred variant, the plastic reed arrangement is produced using at least one of the methods 3-D printing, pressing, transfer molding, modified vacuum infusion process (MVI), vacuum-assisted resin spraying (VARI), injection molding and / or machining processes. The reed arrangement can therefore be easily fiber-reinforced with modern manufacturing processes. The same also applies to the valve block carrier in which the actuators, valve flaps and so on are used. It is possible to manufacture the valve block from fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular with carbon-fiber materials, and to use parts such as metal valve flaps and / or the electromagnetic actuators which may not be formed from fiber-reinforced plastics. However, it should be mentioned that valve flaps in particular can also be formed from fiber-reinforced plastics. This is especially true for the global air flow rectification valves associated with all or a large number of electrically energized reed valves.
    It is also possible to compensate for a bellows pressure fluctuating when playing. Especially for beginners, it can happen that they actuate the bellows very unevenly, causing larger pressure fluctuations in the bellows than desired. This can be compensated for by an additional drain or inlet valve without an associated reed, in order to smooth out at least some of the pressure variations.
    It should be mentioned that the opening of the valves can compensate for an expected desired bellows overpressure or underpressure and this is particularly advantageous for inexperienced players. In a preferred variant, therefore, a pressure sensor for detecting pressure changes in the bellows will be provided, with which it is in particular detected whether the bellows is currently being compressed or expanded. A pressure sensor can be provided, which is used on the basis of the pure pressure fluctuations recorded in the bellows in order to detect expansion or compression; alternatively and / or additionally, a pressure difference against the external pressure can be recorded.
    Incidentally, it is also possible to detect the movements associated with the bellows movement in addition to or instead of a pressure sensor. In particular, accelerometers, in particular triaxial accelerometers, can be arranged in parts of the hand-held instrument that are at a distance, with which it is detected whether the spaced parts move towards or away from one another, which indicates compression or expansion of the bellows.
    That a control of the valves allows an inexperienced player to support almost complete playback of recorded pieces by at least the opening of the reed valves being preprogrammed and the player only having to operate the bellows is also mentioned, as is the possibility of to ensure partial support, for example by registers (automatically) being switched on, particularly fast sequences, cadenzas etc. being available, a melody being transposed and / or the playing styles of experienced players being recorded and possibly saved. Conventional interfaces such as MIDI interfaces can be used for this. It should be mentioned that the instrument may be able to be addressed wirelessly via Bluetooth and / or WLAN or the like. It is also possible to transmit the actual key actuation live to a unit separate from the accordion, possibly together with signals relating to the bellows movement or compression / expansion, such as pressure sensor signals, in order to determine sounds to be reproduced therefrom via a PA system or the like and / or suitable microphones can be provided in or on the instrument for recording the reed vibrations. It should also be mentioned that, if necessary, a secondary valve can be opened while the reed valves remain closed and only the key actuation and bellows actuation are recorded. Suitable sounds can then be synthesized from this, which enables silent playing, for example for the purpose of nightly practice without disturbing neighbors or roommates.
    It should be mentioned that the additional possibility of synthetic sound generation in response to key presses and bellows movements or the like, which is to be understood as advantageous, but not necessarily, serves only as a useful additional use, it being understood that even with high-quality sound synthesis, sound differences increase sound generation using reeds; In this respect, it is advantageous to offer this only as an additional possibility, for which purpose, in particular, the different air flow through one or more reed valves without reeds can be simulated, which are opened correspondingly wide according to the number of tones currently to be simulated.
    It should also be mentioned that it is possible to achieve a (further) weight saving by suitable choice of the bellows materials and / or other components such as the key-carrying parts of the accordion or hand-held instrument. It is also advantageous with the instrument according to the invention that, due to the electromagnetic actuators, the opening of the reed valves does not have to depend on the pressure difference in the bellows, as is the case with traditionally built instruments. In particular, the phenomenon that can be observed in conventional instruments can be avoided that, when the air pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure when the valves are closed, the wind resistance increases briefly when the valve is opened, when the pressure drops or rises. In other words, it is avoided that an increase in the wind resistance has a negative effect when the bellows movement changes between compression and expansion.
    It should also be mentioned that a signal transmission between the keys or a key signals digitally detecting control and the actuators or an actuator control then separate from the key control, if necessary, also inductively, via short-range radio signals such as NFC, but also Bluetooth, etc. or, optically via a transparent window. This has the advantage that only a power supply, for example through a battery compartment that can be opened, has to be made possible in the valve chamber and no further bushings are required.
    The invention is described below by way of example only with reference to the drawing. This is represented by:<tb> Fig. 1a <SEP> a hand-held instrument of the present invention;<tb> Fig. 1b <SEP> is a schematic view of a first alternative hand-held instrument of the present invention;<tb> Fig. 1c <SEP> schematic views of another alternative hand-held instrument of the present invention;<tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> a preferred, but not mandatory, current-operated reed valve with a leaf valve spring for the invention;<tb> Fig. 3 <SEP> a valve block of energized reed valves;<tb> Fig. 4 <SEP> a sectional view of a current-operated reed actuator in detail;<tb> Fig. 5 <SEP> is a block diagram for explaining the relationship between actuation of a manual instrument key and the current-operated reed valve actuation;<tb> Fig. 6 <SEP> is a block diagram for the control of a hand-operated instrument according to the invention;<tb> Fig. 7 <SEP> is an illustration of a button that can be used for a hand-held instrument according to the invention;<tb> Fig. 8 <SEP> another representation of a suitable key.
    According to Figure 1, a generally designated 1 hand-held instrument 1 comprises an expandable and compressible bellows 2, which is designed to generate an air flow, indicated by the arrows 3 or 3 ', by expansion and compression, and having a flow control 4 a valve arrangement 4a which is arranged to control the flow strength of reeds 6 which flow in accordance with the music, and a flow rectification arrangement 4b which is arranged to bring about the same direction of reed inflow in the case of bellows expansion and in the case of bar compression, the valve arrangement 4a comprising a number of reed valves actuated here, cf. . FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, each of which controls an inflow of a single or, if necessary, less sounding reeds, and the flow straightening arrangement has a number of air flow straightening valves 4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4 formed here as flaps, the number of reed valves 4a1 to 4a16, cf. Figure 3, is greater than the number of air flow rectification valves 4b1 to 4b4 for air flow rectification and wherein a group of valves for air flow rectification 4b1 to 4b4 is assigned to a larger group 4a1 to 4al6 flow-actuated reed valves for the common rectification of the air flow therethrough so that the air flow through the entirety of all reed valves 4al to 4a16 the group is rectified together.
    It should be mentioned that the air flow rectification valves 4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4 in FIG. 1 are formed as flaps, because the mode of operation can be recognized particularly easily, but that flaps hinged on one side do not necessarily have to be used, but rather other valves such as Diaphragm valves or the like can be used.
    In the present example, a valve block with only 16 valves, which control the air flow through respective reeds, is shown in FIG. 3, all 16 reed valves of the valve block 4a being associated with the flow straightening arrangement, which only require four air flow straightening valves for air flow straightening . The number of air flow rectification valves for air flow rectification is therefore smaller than the number of current-operated reed valves in the valve block for the current-operated reed valves which are flowed through together with rectified air. It will be appreciated that several valve blocks of the type 4a shown in FIG. 3 can be accommodated in the inflow control 4 together with the associated reeds 6 and / or that the valve blocks 4 can be selected to be significantly larger than shown.
    The hand-held instrument 1 in the illustrated embodiment is an accordion 1, which has buttons 7a1 to 7an and 7an + 1 to 7am on the opposite side, which are only shown symbolically at both ends. It should be pointed out that the present invention makes it particularly easy to choose a keyboard arrangement which differs from the arrangement on conventional hand-held instruments. In particular, the keyboard can be designed as a keyboard without structural disadvantages and not, as is conventional, generally arranged parallel to the direction of bellows pulling, but transversely to it.
    The bellows is airtightly connected to the ends in such a way that air can flow into or out of the inner bellows volume 2a through an inlet opening 2b. The inflow control 4 with the 4 air flow rectification valves 4b1 to 4b4 is provided between the inner bellows volume 2a and the air outflow opening 2b. These air flow rectification valves are arranged in pairs so that when there is overpressure in the interior of the bellows, i.e. when the bellows 2 is compressed, the air flow valve 4b1 and the air flow valve 4b4 open, but the air flow rectification valves 4b2 and 4b3 are closed, which causes the air flow 3 'to flow through the reeds in one direction leaves. On the other hand, when the bellows interior 2a is underpressure, i.e. when the bellows is expanding, the air flow rectification valves 4b1 and 4b4 are closed, but the airflow rectification valves 4b3 and 4b2 are opened, so that an inlet flow flowing through the reeds in the direction of the air flow 3 'is also generated in the bellows interior 2a. Only a total of 4 air flow rectification valves are required for air flow rectification, all reeds and the associated flow-actuated valves being arranged in the flow control gap 4c.
    In the interior of the bellows there is a pressure sensor P, cf. Reference number 8, provided, the signals (not shown in the schematic representation of Figure 1) are fed to a controller, and are used there, as will be described. It should be mentioned that the pressure sensor and the use of the signals generated with it are optional.
    The hand-held instrument is lightweight and, in the present exemplary embodiment, can be used in a mobile and autonomous manner, for which purpose an energy supply in the form of a rechargeable battery (not shown) is provided.
    The reeds or reed plate arrangements are formed in the present case as carbon fiber reed arrangements so that the gap between (carbon fiber) reeds and the surrounding (carbon fiber) backing plate is sufficient to ensure that the tongue strikes the wearer even with large temperature fluctuations to prevent, at the same time the gap dimensions for reeds of different tones or timbres are chosen so that there is an equal settling behavior over all tones with the same air pressure difference across the reed plate and the fiber-reinforced reed plates are dimensioned so that an equal volume perception for all Tones is achieved. It should be noted that the low thermal expansion of carbon fiber reeds and carbon fiber backing plates allows the gap between reeds and reed plates to be chosen very small. This gap dimension is often decisive for the quality of the reed arrangement, because small gap dimensions mean that a lower air flow is sufficient to achieve a given vibration. It should be mentioned that the reeds can be slightly curved in order to promote loosening from the reed plate level by creating a so-called release gap.
    The bellows 2 is conventional per se, but as described the reed arrangement is not arranged directly open to the bellows space 2.
    The valve arrangement of the valves combined in the valve block 4a, cf. FIG. 3 is such that an air duct 4alb is provided for the air flow through a reed arrangement (not shown in FIG. 2 but to be installed below the valve arrangement). This is closed by a normally closed leaf valve spring 4alc, which can be moved from its rest position, in which it closes the air duct 4alb, as indicated by arrow 9, to an open position 4alc ', with a tappet 4ald, which is only shown in the figure is shown extended in the excited position and is movable by means of a plunger 4ale. The leaf spring valve flap 4alc is not firmly connected to the end of the tappet 4a1d, but can simply press against it.
    The plunger 4ale is shown in more detail in Figure 4. There, reference number 4a1e1 shows the ferromagnetic core and 4a1e2 the permanent magnet movable therein, which is formed, for example, from neodymium. 4ale3 shows a ferromagnetic rotor which can be moved back and forth in the direction of arrow A when the windings 4a1e5 are excited. Reference number 4a1e4 denotes a slide bearing bushing, which reduces friction losses during the reciprocating movement of the ferromagnetic rotor 4a1e3, so that the force of the leaf spring valve flap 4alc, which wants to pivot back into its rest position, i.e. the closed position, and thus one through to open the valve counteracts current generated by the current flowing through the windings 4a1e5, with the result that no countercurrent has to be applied to the coil in order to move the ferromagnetic rotor back when a current exciting the opening is ended. On the side of the plunger 4alc or pin 4alc, a further ferromagnetic rotor 4a1e6 is provided, which has a hole for the pin.
    It will be appreciated that this arrangement is lightweight, can generate large forces with low currents, does not lead to annoying crosstalk even when many valves are arranged closely next to one another, as shown for example in FIG. 3 for a comparatively small valve block, is highly dynamic and ensures a permanent functioning of a hand-held instrument according to the invention. Assembly is also simplified.
    The leaf spring valve flap is supported on the valve block 4a below and offset forward in the tappet excitation direction, cf. 4alf, and bent so that a sufficiently strong contact with the valve block is guaranteed. 2, both end positions of the leaf spring valve flap movement are shown at the same time.
    The valve block 4a is made of plastic in the preferred embodiment shown. It should also be mentioned that production by means of injection molding is possible in large numbers, as well as possible production using 3D printing processes.
    In order to determine whether a specific, current-actuated valve is to be energized at the moment or how strongly a valve is to be energized, an arrangement as shown schematically in FIG. 5 can be used. This arrangement of FIG. 5 is first described before details are explained with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
    According to Figure 5, a key 7al is provided, which is formed so that it can not only be detected whether the key is pressed or not, but also how hard the key is currently pressed. The strength with which the button 7a1 is pressed is detected by detecting a corresponding electrical signal, symbolized as 7alb, in the analog-to-digital converter 7alc, which is capable of a frequency of over 20 Hz with each button, here e.g. approx. 30 Hz for each key, and a resolution better than 8 bits, here e.g. 12 bit to determine whether and how hard the button is currently pressed. It should be noted that an analog-to-digital converter for detecting the strength with which the button is pressed can be assigned to several keys in common, in which case a multiplexer is then placed between the keys 7a1-7an and the analog-to-digital converter 7a1c especially to measure the strength with which the individual keys are pressed. It should be mentioned that, if necessary, those keys that are already being pressed somewhat, but only with little force, to a state that may still be considered to be closed, can be scanned more frequently for a certain time or until they fall below a threshold again.
    The signals from the analog-digital converter 7ac are fed to a real-time digital signal processing unit 7ald (Micro Controller Unit, MCU). Instead of a microcontroller, another digital signal processing device such as an FPGA, DSP or the like could also be used. The key press signals obtained from the analog-digital converter are read in the microcontroller 7ald and in particular first linearized, i.e. an offset can be subtracted and / or a linearization can be carried out. Then, in response to the correspondingly corrected values, an output signal can be output in accordance with a desired tone or, with appropriate programming, in accordance with a desired multi-tone sound. In particular, a table can be used for this purpose, in which each input signal from a given key 7 on an individual tone or sound, i.e. is assigned to several reverberant reeds. The microcontroller unit then outputs output signals from which it can be seen which reed valves assigned to the reeds are to be excited with what strength to open the associated valve flap.
    The corresponding signals, typically digitally output from the microcontroller unit, must then be implemented in such a way that the associated actuators to be excited are excited. About 250 actuators are provided in a typical instrument according to the present invention. It is possible to output signals cyclically only for those actuators whose required excitation has changed since the last cycle and / or only output those activation signals that are above a certain threshold. The corresponding digital signals can be implemented in particular using a pulse width modulation method in such a way that a respective analog excitation signal results for each individual current-operated reed valve.
    FIG. 5 shows roughly schematically how the microcontroller unit 7ald is arranged between the analog-digital converter and the pulse width modulation unit.
    FIG. 6 shows a somewhat larger overview of how the microcontroller unit is arranged between the sensor system and the pulse width modulation unit 7a1e for controlling the valves 4a and, for example, which other elements are also expediently provided. It should be mentioned that the sensor technology includes key pressure sensors, signal conditioning stages, A / D converters, pressure and acceleration sensors, etc.
    In particular, the microcontroller 7a1d is also assigned an energy supply 7a1d1 which is sufficient to supply the entire hand-held instrument with electrical power for a sufficiently long period of time. The energy supply can be realized by an accumulator, a power supply unit or a combination of both. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the microcontroller 7ald also has an interface 7ald2, via which it interfaces with a user interface 7ald3, with a control app 7a1d4, which is in particular web-based and e.g. enables firmware and the like to be updated, and can communicate with a MIDI interface 7ald5 and other device interfaces 7ald6, for example to control a PA system, Bluetooth speakers and the like, or to output signals there. The corresponding individual interfaces can communicate with the microcontroller interface 7ald2 via a system interface 7ald7, which in particular also allows visualization and configuration, etc.
    It will be appreciated that the microcontroller 7ald can thus be controlled and used in such a way that the functionality is considerably expanded.
    In order to use this arrangement with keys that do not simply supply a binary on / off or open / close signal, a key arrangement as shown in FIG. 7 can be used in particular. According to FIG. 7, a base mounting plate is shown for the key 7a1 by 7all, into which a slide bearing bush 7a1II is inserted, through which a threaded pin 7a1III is movable. The threaded pin 7a1III is connected on the user side to a head 7a1IV, the head being spring-biased into a non-actuated rest position by a spring holder with an end stop 7al V. At the same time, an end stop 7a1VI is provided, on which a support surface 7a1Va is seated when the button is pressed in sufficiently deeply. The threaded pin 7a1III is provided at its end facing away from the actuation end with a reflector 7a1VII, which is opposite an (infrared) IR distance sensor 7a1VIII, which in turn is arranged on a circuit board 7a1IX. With this arrangement, it is possible to detect the pressing of the key in a spatially resolved manner by determining the IR reflection signal. It should be mentioned that other key arrangements can be used that spring differently, scan differently, etc.
    The buttons can be made more compact if the IR reflector and the associated IR distance sensor are not arranged below the button but next to the button, as can be seen in FIG. 8. It should be mentioned that the key is also moved resiliently into an unpressed position in FIG. It is evident from FIG. 8 that pressing the button according to FIG. 8 leads to a distance between the IR sensor and reflector, while in FIG. 7 pressing the button leads to an approach between the sensor and reflector. The different signal profiles can be easily corrected or taken into account by the microcontroller unit. In particular, it is possible, if necessary, to combine both types of keys in one and the same instrument. The mechanical structure of the keys and the associated sensors are advantageous because they are light, small and reliable, but they are not mandatory and other keys with corresponding properties could be provided. Reference should be made to known keyboard keys of electric pianos, etc. In addition, it should be pointed out that the use of electronic keys allows optimization from an ergonomic point of view, free of the restrictions of purely mechanical hand-held instruments.
    It should be mentioned that the signals from the pressure sensor 8 within the bellows or the pressure difference sensor 8, which compares the inner bellows pressure with the pressure of the outside atmosphere, is also fed to the microcontroller unit of FIG. 6 as an input signal from the sensor system so that the microcontroller is able to open the valves 4a in such a way that when the button is pressed, there may be no pressure on the actual pressure within the bellows and / or regardless of the number of reed valves currently open and / or regardless of in particular inexperienced users Players will probably get unwanted bellows pressure fluctuations a constant volume.
    The hand-held instrument of the present invention is used as follows:<tb> <SEP> First, the manual pulling instrument is switched on. After a short initialization phase (comparable to booting a computer), the device is immediately ready to play. This boot phase can be so short that it is not noticeable to the user.
    The user will then first expand the bellows. During this expansion movement, air flows through the air flow rectification valves 4b3, with the air flow valve 4b4 closed, through optionally the reeds 6 and the valves 4a via the air flow valve 4b2, with the air flow valve 4b1 closed, into the bellows chamber 2. At the same time, the user becomes one or more of the buttons 7a1 to Press 7am. The strength with which each key is pressed is queried in turn at a high repetition rate, so that the keystroke strength of each key is queried several times during each tenth of a second.
    If it is determined that one of the buttons is pressed so far that the pressure level is clearly above a threshold value, the microcontroller determines a desired opening corresponding to the button press for one or more reed valves and a corresponding output signal to the pulse widths -Modulation unit PWM given so that the corresponding reed valve arrangements are excited as required by feeding pulse width modulated excitation currents. As a result, the corresponding valves open and air then flows through the corresponding reed or reeds, thereby producing one or more tones that are easily audible for the player and the audience and are judged to be natural and melodious.
    The pressed keys can be changed during the bellows expansion as required for music generation, and if the musician finds that the bellows has expanded sufficiently and is now to be compressed again, he will reverse the movement of the bellows so that now the Close airflow rectification valves 4b2 and 4b3 and open airflow rectification valves 4b1 and 4b4, causing air to continue flowing in the same direction over the reeds regardless of the reverse movement of the bellows. Since the instrument is quite light regardless of the fact that the battery is selected so that it can be used continuously even during long concerts without changing, the musician will be able to play the instrument fatigue-free for a long time.
    Regardless of the lower weight and the electrical excitation of the reed valves, this results in a playing behavior which is also obtained with professional, purely mechanical hand-held instruments, and all possibilities of influencing the sound of a professional instrument are also obtained.
    [0095] It should be emphasized that variations are possible compared to the arrangement shown, in particular for sound improvement. It should be noted that the arrangement of the air flow rectification valves can influence the sound perceived by a listener. In this regard, it should be pointed out that essential parts of the sound emerge from the instrument through the open valves of the air flow rectification arrangement and through air intake / outlet openings. In the present invention, this opens up the possibility of influencing the sound emitted.
    In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1a, e.g. As can be seen, the sound paths for pressure and train have different lengths, which can lead to (albeit possibly only slight) differences in sound between pressure and train. In addition, the sound is emitted downwards or upwards, especially for higher-frequency sound components, in accordance with the orientation of the air intake / outlet duct. It should be pointed out that the elongated air duct can also result in bass-reflex-like elevations of low-frequency sound components. Such exaggerations are often desirable because higher frequency components can sometimes contribute to an unpleasant sound. It should be mentioned that a corresponding vote is possible.
    An alternative arrangement of the reed block is shown in Fig. 1b. In Fig. 1b it is shown where the player is during the hand-pull instrument play and the reed block with the air flow rectification arrangement is shown schematically, with the suction (pull) and squeeze (push) phases of the bellows expansion / compression in the two parts of the image are illustrated. The valve block itself is not shown. As can be seen, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1b, the sound is directed toward the audience when the bellows is compressed, while the sound emerges laterally and not to the front when the bellows is expanded. This can also produce desired sound effects.
    Another variant of a hand-operated instrument is shown in the two variants of FIG. 1c. There the reed block stands at an angle to the bellows, whereby in the variant shown it is arranged closer to the bellows, which is not mandatory; it could also be located closer to the keyboard. The valve block itself is not shown. A decision can be made between such variants with regard to the overall center of gravity of the instrument. Both variants have in common that the sound emerges towards the audience both when expanding the bellows and when compressing the bellows, which leads to a largely identical sound impression and volume impression. In addition, the sound paths between the reed and the outlet opening are comparatively short, which leads to less influence on the sound path.
    A variant as in Fig. 1c, but with an advantageous arrangement of the reed block relative to the keyboard is also particularly suitable for an implementation of the invention without electrical valves.
    It should be mentioned that in principle it is possible to provide fleece or similar filter materials in the sound paths if e.g. a more subdued sound is desired.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Hand pulling instrumentWithan expandable and compressible bellows,which is designed to generate a reed air flow by expansion and compression;anda flow control,havinga valve arrangement,which is arranged to control the inflow of reeds that flow towards the music,anda flow rectification arrangement,which is arranged to effect the same reed flow direction in bellows expansion and bellows compression;characterized in thatthe valve arrangement has a number of reed valves,which each control an inflow of a single or, if necessary, less sounding reeds to be flown together,andthe flow rectification arrangement has a number of valves for air flow rectification,in whichthe number of reed valves is greater than the number of air flow rectification valvesand wherea group of valves for air flow rectification of a larger group of reed valvesis assigned to the common rectification of the air flow through it in such a way that the air flow through the entirety of all reed valves of the group is jointly rectified.
    [2]
    2. hand-operated instrument according to the preceding claim, characterized in thatthat the group of valves for air flow rectification comprises at least one flow direction more than a single valve;and orthe reed valves are energized;and prefers thata plurality of current-actuated reed valves is arranged together in a valve block, particularly preferably in such a way that all current-operated reed valves are arranged together in one and the same valve block, particularly preferably in such a way that a seal on the valve block for sealing against the reed block or the Law firms is provided;and / or preferred that therethe current-operated reed valves are formed with plunger coils and magnets moved therein and / or have a constant force-displacement curve over at least 85% of the actuation range;and / or preferably thatat least a plurality of the current-operated reed valves are designed as flap valves,being preferredthe flap valves are clamped on one side,and / or being preferredthe current-operated reed valves are designed in such a way that they are able to open the valve flaps against a pressure of up to 3 bar, and / or preferablythe flap valves are designed to keep closed against a bellows pressure below 40mbar.
    [3]
    3. Hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thata controller is providedwhich is designed for the electronic detection of a push button actuation,and is preferably designed toto detect a dynamic pushbutton actuation behavior, and / or is preferably designed to do sodetermine a pushbutton operation in more than two stages in order to distinguish a pure open from a pure closed position,being more preferredvalve control is provided,the onelinear response of the reed valve is formed in response to a push button operationand / or which is designed to couple a plurality of registers,and / or which is designed to delay a valve opening in such a way that tongues of different tones which swing in at different speeds sound simultaneously when keys are pressed at the same time;and / or which is preferably designed toto detect a push button actuation by means of magnetic, optical, gyroscopic and / or tachymetric sensors, and / or which is preferably designed tothe push button operationWithat least 5Hz,preferably at least 10Hz, particularly preferably at least 30Hz and / or withat least 4 bit accuracy, preferably at least 8 bit accuracy;and / or which is preferably designed toto effect a pulse width modulated current through current operated reed valves.and / or which is preferably designed toopen several valve flaps at the push of a button,especially for the simultaneous excitation of several registers and / or for the automatic generation of chords.
    [4]
    4. Hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatvalve control is provided,which is designed to be a linear adjustment of the reed valve in response to a pushbutton actuation, and / orwhich is designed to couple a plurality of registers and / orwho is trained todelaying a valve opening so that tongues of different tones that swing in at different speeds sound simultaneously when keys are pressed at the same time; and / or which is preferably designed toto effect a pulse width modulated current through current operated reed valves.
    [5]
    5. Hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the push buttons on at least one bellows end are at least partially designed as sensor buttons instead of keyboard buttons and / or buttons are provided for at least one end for a single play of bass tones.
    [6]
    6. Fiber-reinforced plastic reed assembly, in particular carbon reed assembly for a hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gap between reed and reed plate is a maximum of 0.06mm, preferably less than 0.02mm,being preferreda large number of fiber-reinforced plastic reeds are provided,whose gap dimensions are matched so that the fiber-reinforced plastic reeds vibrate simultaneously with the same air pressure and simultaneous actuation,and / or their widths are selected so that the fiber-reinforced plastic reeds have the same volume,and / or being preferredusing at least one out3D printing, hot pressing, in the RTM process (resin transfer molding), modified vacuum infusion process (MVI), injection molding, water jet. Or laser beam cutting and / or machining processesis made.
    [7]
    7. Hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the housing, reeds, valve block with fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular carbon fiber materials is formed.
    [8]
    8. Hand-operated instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure sensor is provided for detecting the bellows pressure and a control is designed to compensate for bellows pressure fluctuations.
    [9]
    9. Hand-operated instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pressure sensor is provided for detecting pressure changes in the bellows and a control is designed to actuate the number of valves of the flow straightening arrangement for air flow straightening as a function of the pressure sensor signal.
    [10]
    10. Hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an arrangement for supplying power to the control and / or the current-operated valves or flaps is provided by movements associated with the example.
    [11]
    11. Valve block arrangement for a hand-held instrument according to one of the preceding claims, in whicha large number of electric reed valves housed together in one blockand is designed to be mountable over a reed block,the valve block assembly preferably furtherat least one ofControl for thisandReed block.includes.
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    JP6618112B2|2019-12-11|Pseudoresonator for electronic piano
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3855424A1|2021-07-28|
    CH715803B1|2020-08-31|
    EP3683791B1|2021-06-30|
    EP3683791A1|2020-07-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2640384A|1953-06-02|Vibratory reed musical instrument |
    US2056212A|1935-06-22|1936-10-06|Wurlitzer Grand Piano Company|Electric accordion|
    US2230162A|1939-11-25|1941-01-28|Lidblom Richard|Accordion|
    DE3337187C1|1983-03-29|1984-08-02|Hans Werner 7000 Stuttgart Bäcker|Electronic harmonica organ|
    WO1986004443A1|1985-01-18|1986-07-31|Marcel Pelletier|Device for improving the sound and the weight of accordions|
    DE10133287A1|2001-07-09|2002-02-21|Ernst Zacharias|Electromagnetic accordion valve has iron free coils is light|
    WO2003107324A1|2002-06-01|2003-12-24|Joong-Deog Choi|An apparatus for generating of sound and rotating of light by air flow|
    GB2410118A|2004-01-15|2005-07-20|Edward Jay|Reed system for a free reed instrument|
    DE112016005049T5|2015-11-04|2018-08-02|Yamaha Corporation|A keyboard musical instrument and method for detecting correction information in a keyboard musical instrument|
    US1852066A|1931-11-16|1932-04-05|Sr Julius Schwarz|Accordion|
    DE855499C|1950-07-25|1954-08-09|Richard Stratmann|Sound post for accordions, harmoniums, etc. like musical instruments|
    SU1683061A1|1986-07-09|1991-10-07|А.И. Лабунец|Reed musical instrument|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00062/19A|CH715803B1|2019-01-18|2019-01-18|Hand traction instrument.|CH00062/19A| CH715803B1|2019-01-18|2019-01-18|Hand traction instrument.|
    EP20208939.7A| EP3855424A1|2019-01-18|2020-01-16|Manual pulling instrument|
    EP20152289.3A| EP3683791B1|2019-01-18|2020-01-16|Manual pulling instrument|
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